Incandescent gas-burner.



PATENTBD FEB. 2l, 1905.

W. S. PROSKEY. INGANDESCBNT GAS BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 9. 1904.

Minesses:

UNITED STATES Patented February 21, 1905.

PATENT OFFICE.

INCANDESCENT GAS-BURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 782,988, dated February 21, 1905. Application tiled May 9,1904. Serial Noi 206,977.

To all wil/m it muy con/cern:

.body or mantle is rendered incandescent by the heat of a non-luminous ame, and more particularly to that type of burner known in the art as the multiple bunsen. This type is so called from the construction of the Bunsen or mixing tube, in which the air is entrained through a plurality of openings successively nearer the burner proper or point of combustion.

The object of my invention is to improve the operation of such burners and to produce a higher illumination with less or no greater consumption of gas, and my invention is applicable to multiple bunsens in general. My attention has been directedA specially to this burner, for the reason that while in theory its efliciency should be very high, in practice, so far as I am aware from a long acquaintance with the ai't in localities where this burner is in more or less common use, it has not reached that approximation to theoretical possibilities which was to be expected. After considerable experimenting I have devised a new cornbination and also a new multiple bunsen,

forming an element thereof, which in practical operation has been found to give highly satisfactory results, botli in illuminating power and in economy of gas consumption.

A convenient embodiment of the invention is shown in the accompanying drawings, in

.which- Figure 1 shows the apparatus in elevation and partly in section. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of the Bunsen tube. Fig. 3 is a .sectional detail showing the construction which I have devised is shown more clearly in Fig. 2. lThe gas is injected through a constricted orifice l into a short conical tube or chamber 2, supported by two or more narrow ribs 3, so. as to leave large apertures for the entrainment of air. Above these apertures is a second tube 4L, of general conical form, supported on the former tube b v ribs 5 and terminating at substantially the same level as the chamber 2. Above the tube 4 is a third and longer tube 6, preferably cylindrical in forni except for the flaring lower end, also -supported by ribs, as 7. The tapering of the chamber 2 causes the ascending column of gas and air to increase in speed, or at least not to be materially reduced in speed. As the column of gas and air issues from the chamber 2 it should entrain air through the annular space between tubes 2 and 4; but I find that the amount of air so entrained by the mixture in 2 alone is comparativelyslight, probably on account of the friction incident to the walls, which is considerable relative to the space for the passage of air and the fact thatthe two tubes terminate at substantially, preferably'exactly, the same level; but by providing the larger openings between the ribs7 of the upper tube this difficulty is satisfactorily obviated. The mixture draws in air through the larger openings, thereby establishing a current on each side of the annularspace,so that the entraining force exerted on the air in the latter space is greatly increased, and a very appreciable amount of air is thereby drawn in between the primary column from the tube 2 and that carried in through the open lower end of the tube 6. I am not prepared to give further explanation of the operation of the device, except to say that I have found this form to best overcome the tendency of the mixture of gas and air from the tube 2 not to entrain air through the openings above those in the said tube 2, but actually to escape therethrough and out of the Bunsen tube itself. Heretofore this has been the chief drawback to multiple Bunsen burners when used with a mantle, and to overcome the same it has been thought necessary to increase the gaspressure and the velocity thereof` as it issues from the orilice 1. The result is a waste of gas, since more is con- TOO sumed than is necessary under proper conditions to raise the mantle to the same or even greater degree of incandescence, or, stated otherwise, the amount of air drawn in by the increased volume and speed of the gas-stream is not sufficient for the most eiiicient consumption of the same; but by ending the lirst chamber or tube 2 at or above the auxiliary airopenings the tendency of the mixture to escape through the latter is very largely, if not entirely, overcome without any increase in the velocity of the gas and with a greater supply of air.

AInstead of employing a single mantle of considerable size I prefer to use a plurality of small mantlcs, as shown in Fig. 1. rlhese are suspended over burner-tubes, which are ofcourse provided with suitable gauze closures or caps. Two of the tubes are shown at 8 9, Fig. 2. 1t is desirable that the combincd cross sectional areas of the burnertubes be somewhat greater than that of the tube 6 to compensate for the restriction of the outlets by the wire burner gauze, which would otherwise cause the pressure immediately below the burners to be increased,

with correspondingly-increased tendency for the mixture to escape through the auxiliary air-apertures. At the same time the outlet or burner tubes should not be so large as to provide a space for much expansion of the mixture below the gauze, causing a reduction of the velocity of the colulnn. 1 merely divide the column of and air, while varying its velocity as little as possible. The resultis thatthe ultimate intensity of the incandescence is appreciably increased. The quantity of light emitted by the plurality of mantles is of course greater, as would bo expected fromtheir greater incandescent area; but this does not explain the greater intensity of the light which 1 find is produced in the construction described.

I prefer to mount the Bunsen burner in a frame of the kind shown in Fig. 1. The gas from the supply-pipe 10, through a suitable valve 11, passes down the side pipe 12 into the nozzle-litting 13. A needle or other valve 14 may be provided to control the outlet-oriiice 1 and so regulate the quantity of the gas discharged. Through the other side pipe, 15, extends a pilot-tube 16, terminating at the burners, as shown. The valve 11 controls the pilot-lighter-in the well-known way.

Upon the tube 6 is mounted a globe-gallery 17, which in the present embodiment carries the burner-casting' 18.

The gallery-bottom is imperforate except for the aperture through which the pilot-tube passes, and to make the same more nearly airtight a packing or gasket may be employed for the globe to rcst on to compensate for inequalities in the edge of the latter or in the gallery itself. The gallery is provided with a shoulder 18 at its lower edge, which rests upon a stud 20 on the tube 6, and with a vertical slot 21, so that by turning the gallery the stud and slot may be made to register, permitting the gallery to drop.

Above the globe and closely fitting the same, as shown, is a chimney 22, movable vertically in a casing 23. The latter extends to the top of the frame and constitutes with the chimney a draft-tube of considerable length. The entire casing, including the iiaring bottom 24 or only the cylindrical part, may be constructed as shown in Fig. 3. The outer tube 25 is of copper or other ornamental material, protected from the heat of the products of combustion by a layer of insulating or non-conducting material, such as asbestos, 26. The inner tube 27 gives rigidity to the whole and is preferabl y made of steel. rlhe bell 28 may also be of this construction, if desired, as shown in Fig. 3.

Depending from the union 29 is a trap 30, which catches water that would otherwise run down the pipe 12 to the burner or collect in around the needle-valve. Vhen the lamp is used out of doors in cold weather, the freezing of the water around the valve might choke the outlet; but by providing the trap therefor it is caught at that point, where it will be vaporized by the heat of the burner and consumed with the gas.

'lf desired, a plurality of Bunsen tubes may be used, as in Fig. 4, instead of the single one of Fig. 1. r

The system describedl have found to be highly efiicient, giving a very high candlepower with very small consumption of gas. 1n fact, for intensity of illumination it can be compared only with certain liquid hydrocarbon incandescent lamps, in which the liquid fuel is supplied to the vaporizer Linder high pressure.

I consider the embodiment herein shown the most desirable form; but the invention is of course capable of being otherwise embodied without departure from its proper scope.

What I claim isY 1. ln an incandescent gas-lamp, the combination of a primary mixing-tube having airinlet ports, means for discharging gas into said tube, and a/plurality of auxiliary means for supplying' air to the mixture of gas and air at the point of issuance from the primary mixing-tube, as set forth.

2. 1n an incandescent gas-lamp, the combination of a primary mixing-tube having airinlet ports, means for discharging gas into said tube, means for providing an annular air-passage around the primary tube, terminating at the end of the same, and means around said annular passage for supplying additional air to the mixture at the point of issuance from the primary mixing-tube, as set forth.

3. In an incandescent gas-lamp, the combination of a primary mixing-tube of conical IOO IIO

IIS

form, having air-inlet ports, means for discharging gas into said tube, and a plurality of auxiliary means for supplying air to the mixture of gas'and air at the point of 'issuance from the primary mixing-tube, as set forth.

4E. 1n an incandescent gas-lamp, the Combination of a primary mixing-tubeYA having airinlet ports, means for discharging gas into said tu be, an air-tube surrounding the primary tube and terminating at substantially the same level, and a tube extending above the first-mentioned tubes, having air-inlet ports around said lirst -mentioned tubes, as set forth.

5. In an incandescent gas-lamp, the combination of a primary mixing-tube having airinlet ports, means for discharging gas into said tube, an air-tube surrounding the primary tube and terminating at substantially the same level, a secondary mixing-tube extending above the first, having air-inlet ports around the air-tube, and a plurality of burners on the secondary tube, as set forth.

6. In an incandescent gas-lamp the combination of a primary mixing-tube having airinlet ports, means for discharging gas into said tube, a secondary mixing-tube extending above the first, a plurality of auxiliary means for supplying air to the mixture of gas and air at the point of issuance from the primary mixing-tube into the secondary, and a plurality of burners on the secondar-y tube, as set forth.

WV 1N FIELD SCOTT PROSKEY. lVitn esses:

M. LAWSON DYER,

S. S. DUNI-IAM. 

